"Imaging and Force-Distance Analysis of Human Fibroblasts in vitro by Atomic Force Microscopy", G. R. Bushell, C. Cahill, F. M. Clarke, C. T. Gibson, S. Myhra and G. S. Watson, Cytometry 36, 254 (1999).

Description:

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) gives new insights into the structure and mechanical properties of biological systems.  The tiny probe moving across the surface can actually apply relatively large forces to very small areas of cells and membranes.  This allows researchers to investigate not only the shape and structure of these biological samples, but also the adhesion to the surface and the strength to rupture the cell membrane.  Above is a single red blood cell imaged by SPM, showing the characteristic "donut" shape.

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