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Description:

The ability to create and exploit devices on the nanoscale is beginning to have a major and practical impact upon biomedicine.  The ability to examine biological processes at a scale below that of visible light will yield a new biology - 'mesophysiology' - that operates between high-resolution molecular imaging and the bulk biochemical and physiological techniques of traditional biology.  Researchers have integrated a confocal microscope with the AFM to accomplish simultaneous fluorescence analysis (above, a 3D isosurface reconstruction of bone cells on a mineralised substrate (blue) labelled in two colours (red, green) to independently demonstrate the distribution of two membrane proteins). The future lies in developing the bio-AFM further and introducing a range of more sophisticated physical techniques, electrophysiological applications and micromanipulation methods. The image measures 50 x 50 μm².

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